Covid-19 is navigating the immune system

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Antibodies generated against SARS-CoV-2 recognize proteins that are on the exterior of the virus’s coat. In general, that means the spike protein, which allows the virus to latch on to cells and merge with a cell’s membrane, depositing the virus’s genome inside. There’s only one other protein present on the virus’s exterior in significant amounts; it simply maintains the virus’s structure and doesn’t play a specific role in infection. Most vaccines currently in use simply expose the immune system to the spike protein and leave out any additional viral proteins.

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