It is caused by excessive mucus production and secretion in chronic bronchitis.

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The characteristic cough of bronchitis is caused by the copious secretion of mucus in chronic bronchitis. Epithelial cells lining the airway response to toxic, infectious stimuli by releasing inflammatory mediators and eg pro-inflammatory cytokines. During an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, the bronchial mucous membrane becomes hyperemic and edematous with diminished bronchial mucociliary function.

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