Sand casting is one of the most widely used casting methods. The main reason for preference is that it can be applied to very different sized parts and the molding cost is low. In sand mold casting, green sand mold casting is generally performed. The word “wet” is used here because the sand contains moisture. In the dry sand molding method, the molds are heated to 150-350 °C and dried to gain strength. The frames in which the sand is compressed during mold preparation are called “degrees”. While the mold is being prepared, the model is placed inside the degree and the surrounding is filled with mold material, namely mold sand. It is then hammered and compressed. Grades are usually produced from steel, gray cast iron, light metals and their alloys, as well as wood for a very small number of castings. molten iron, steel, bronze or aluminum metals are poured into molds by workers. Molten metal, mostly from scrap and waste iron and steel, is poured into molds to produce engine parts, gears and automobile spare parts. The workers working in this factory work in difficult conditions and dangerous jobs. The metallurgical sector is the heavy industry sector. This FActory, Steel billets at torch cutting in metallurgical plant. metallurgical production, heavy industry, engineering, steelmaking. What is casting? The basic question can be answered. After iron and steel scraps are melted at high temperatures, casting takes place by pouring them into molds obtained from ceramics or sand. During this process, necessary calculations are made according to the product to be obtained and purpose-oriented techniques are used. Induction, arc and cupola type furnaces are generally used during the melting of metals and metal alloys before casting.
Basically, when casting is considered, metals come to mind, but any semi-fluid liquid material that is poured into a mold and the desired shape can be obtained after a certain period of time can be described as casting. The molds to be used during the process are designed completely according to the new product planned to be obtained. The interior designs of the molds must be suitable for this in terms of shape and feature. While the molds are in large and small volumes, the inner parts of these molds are smaller than the general size and bear the shape and characteristics of the planned casting. In addition to the fact that the molds used in the application process are mainly sand and ceramic, there are also different casting techniques such as shell mold casting and plaster mold casting. Again, all of these techniques are choices made in order to obtain the desired product in the best way. Depending on the mold used, some types of processing can be done once, while in some types of molds, it is possible to process many times. On the other hand, the molds and techniques to be used for castings such as titanium, magnesium, aluminum, steel and iron may differ. Sand casting is one of the most popular and simplest types of casting and has been used for centuries. Sand casting allows for smaller batches than permanent mold casting and provides production at a very reasonable cost. Not only does this method allow manufacturers to create products at low cost, but sand casting also has other advantages, such as processes where very few products can be produced. The molds used in the process can be small enough to fit in the palm of the hand or large enough to be carried on the train bed. With sand casting, it is possible to cast most metals, depending on the type of sand used for the moulds.[3] Sand casting may require days or weeks of preparation for high speed production (1-20 parts/hour-mold) but is unmatched for large volume production. The weight of dry sand is limited to 2,300-2,700 kilograms (5,100-6,000 lb), although black wet (wet) sand has almost no weight limit. Minimum piece weight varies between 0.075-0.1 kg. It is bonded using sand, clays, chemical binders or polymerized oils (such as engine oil). Sand can be recycled many times in most processes and requires very little maintenance.